Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that suply blood and oxygen to the heart. CHD is also called coronary artery disease.
CHD is the leading cause of the death in the United States for men and women. coronary heart disease is caused by buildup of plaque inthe arteries in your heart. This may also be caled hardening of the arteries.

• Fatty the material and other subtances from a plaque build-up on the walls of your coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to your heart.
• This build-up causes the arteries to get narrow.

• As a result, blood flow to the heart can slow down or stop.

A risk factor for heart disease is something that increase your changes of getting it. You cannot change some risk factor for heart disease, but other you can change.

The risk factors for heart disease that you cannot change are:

• Your age, the risk of heart disease increase your age.
• Your gender, men have a higher risk of getting heart disease than women who are still getting their menstrual period,. After menopause, the risk for women is closer the risk for men.
• Your genes, if your parents or other close relatives had heart disease, you are at higher risk.
• Your race, Africans American, Mexican Americans, American Hindians, Hawaians and some Asian Americans as also higher at risk for heart problems.

Treatment for Myocardial Infarction

During or shortly after a heart attack, you may go to the cardiac cath lab for direct evaluation of the status of your heart, arteries, and the amount of heart damage. In some cases, procedures (such as angioplasty or stents) are used to open up your narrowed or blocked arteries.
If necessary, bypass surgery may be performed in following days to restore the heart muscle's supply of blood.

Treatments (medications, open heart surgery, and interventional procedures, like angioplasty) do not cure coronary artery disease. Having had a heart attack or treatment does not mean you will never have another heart attack; it can happen again. But, there are several steps you can take to prevent further attacks

Symptoms Of Myocardial Infarction

Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction include:

• Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in the chest, arm, or below the breastbone
• Discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat, or arm
• Fullness, indigestion, or choking feeling (may feel like heartburn)
• Sweating, nausea, vomiting, or dizziness
• Extreme weakness, anxiety, or shortness of breath
• Rapid or irregular heartbeats

During a heart attack, symptoms last 30 minutes or longer and are not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin under the tongue.
Some people have a MI without having any symptoms (a "silent" myocardial infarction). A silent MI can occur in any person, though it is more common among diabetics.
After a MI, quick treatment to open the blocked artery is essential to lessen the amount of damage. At the first signs of a MI, call for emergency treatment. The best time to treat a MI is within one to two hours of the first onset of symptoms. Waiting longer increases the damage to your heart and reduces your chance of survival.
Keep in mind that chest discomfort can be described many ways. It can occur in the chest or in the arms, back, or jaw. If you have symptoms, take notice. These are your MI warning signs. Seek medical care immediately.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

heart attack is permanent demage to the heart muscle, it is usually can be called Myocardial Infarction (MI). Myo means muscle, cardial refers to heart and infarction means death of tissue due too lack of blood suply. The heart muscle must be reguaires a constant suply of oxygen rich blood to nourish it. The coronary arteries provide the heart with this critical blood suply.

If you have coronary artery disease, those arteries become narrow and blood cannot flow as well as they should. Fatty matter, calcium, proteins, and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes. The plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside.
When the plaque is hard, the outer shell cracks (plaque rupture), platelets (disc-shaped particles in the blood that aid clotting) come to the area, and blood clots form around the plaque. If a blood clot totally blocks the artery, the heart muscle becomes "starved" for oxygen. Within a short time, death of heart muscle cells occurs, causing permanent damage.

a heart attack(MI) can also be caused by a spasm of a coronary artery. During a coronary spasm, the coronary arteries restrict or spasm on and off, reducing blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia). It may occur at rest and can even occur in people without significant coronary artery disease.
Each coronary artery supplies blood to a region of heart muscle. The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between injury and treatment.

Symptoms Of Stroke

If you have symptoms of a stroke, call emergency service right away. General symptoms of a stroke incloude:
suddens numbness, tingling, weakness, or loss of movement in your face, arms, or leg espesially only one side of your body.

sudden vission changes
sudden trouble speaking
sudden confusion or trouble understanding simple statements
sudden problems with walking or balance

Symptoms very depending on whether the stroke is caused by ablood colot (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemoragic stroke), while the stroke occurs in the brain and how bad it is.

A stroke usually happends suddenly but may occur over hours. For example, you may have mild weakness at first. Over time, you may not be able to move the arm and leg on one side of your body.

If several smaller stroke occur over time, you may have a more gradual change in walking, balance, thingking or behivour(multi infarck dementia).

It is not always easy, for people to recognize symptoms of a small stroke. They may make mistakely think the symptoms can be attributed to aging, or the symptoms may be confused with those of other conditions that cause similiar symptoms.

Symptoms Of Hight Blood Pressure

One of dangerous aspects of hipertention is that you may not know that you have it. There are generally no symptoms of hight blood pressure, so you usually don't feel it. In fact, nearly one-third of people who have hipertention don't know it. The only way to find out if you have high blood pressure is to get your blood pressure checked on a reguller basis. This is especially important if you have a close relative who have high blood pressure.
If your blood pressure is extremelly high, there may be certains symptoms to look out for, inclouding:

severall headache
fatigue or confusion
vision problems
chest pain
difficulty breathing
irreguler heartbeat
blood inthe urine
pounding in your chest, neck or ears

If you have any of these symptoms, see a doctor immediatelly. You could be having hipertention crisis that could lead to a heart attack or stroke.
Untreated hipertention can lead to a seriously disease
inclouding: stroke, heart disease, kidney filure and eyes problems

Epidemiology Cardiovasculer Desease

The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in 1949 by using occupational health data and were published in 1958. The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of, with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis. A trend has emerged, particularly in the early 2000s, in which numerous studies have revealed a link between fast food and an increase in heart disease. These studies include those conducted by the Ryan Mackey Memorial Research Institute, Harvard University and the Sydney Center for Cardiovascular Health. Many major fast food chains, particularly McDonald's, have protested the methods used in these studies and have responded with healthier menu options.

A fairly recent emphasis is on the link between low-grade that hallmarks atherosclerosis and its possible interventions. (CRP) is an common inflammatory marker that has been found to be present in increased levels in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Also osteoprotegerin which involved with regulation of a key inflammatory transcription factor called NF-κB has been found to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease and mortality.

Some areas currently being researched include possible links between infection with Chlamydophila pneumoniae and coronary artery disease. The Chlamydia link has become less plausible with the absence of improvement after antibiotic use.